Raul Castro said he expected 57-year-old Miguel Diaz-Canel to serve two five-year terms as president and eventually take his place as head of the Communist Party.

It was the first time Mr Castro has laid out a clear vision for the nation’s power structure after his retirement or death, a vision in which Mr Diaz-Canel, full name Mario Miguel Diaz-Canel Bermudez, is Mr Castro’s true successor as total leader of Cuba.

Mr Castro left the presidency after 12 years in office when the National Assembly approved 57-year-old Mr Diaz-Canel’s nomination as the candidate for the top government position.

Mr Diaz-Canel told the nation that Mr Castro, 86, would remain the country’s ultimate authority as head of the Communist Party.

Speaking after Mr Diaz-Canel, Mr Castro said he expected the younger man to become first secretary of the party after Mr Castro retires from the position in 2021.

“From that point on, I will be just another soldier defending this revolution,” Mr Castro said.

Mr Castro indicated that he expected Mr Diaz-Canel to serve two five-year terms as head of the party, saying he envisioned Mr Diaz-Canel guiding his own successor for three years after leaving the presidency in 2028.

In his half-hour speech to the nation, the new president pledged to preserve the island’s communist system while gradually reforming the economy and making the government more responsive to the people.

“The people have given this assembly the mandate to provide continuity to the Cuban Revolution during a crucial, historic moment that will be defined by all that we achieve in the advance of the modernisation of our social and economic model,” Mr Diaz-Canel said.

He said Cuba was, as always, prepared to negotiate with the United States but unwilling to cede to any of Washington’s demands for internal change.

He emphasised that reforms would follow a 12-year-plan laid out by the National Assembly and Communist Party that would allow moderate growth of private enterprise while maintaining the important sectors of the economy in the hands of the state.

We're building a relationship between the government and the people here
Mr Castro, top right, observes a monitor the day before he was replaced by Mr Diaz-Canel, second left (Ramon Espinosa/AP)

With Mr Castro watching from the audience, Mr Diaz-Canel made clear he would defer to the man who, along with his brother Fidel, founded and ruled for six decades what has become of one of the world’s last communist governments.

“I confirm to this assembly that Raul Castro, as first secretary of the Communist Party, will lead the decisions about the future of the country,” Mr Diaz-Canel said.

“Cuba needs him, providing ideas and proposals for the revolutionary cause, orienting and alerting us about any error or deficiency, teaching us, and always ready to confront imperialism.”

Facing biological reality but still active and apparently healthy, Raul Castro is stepping down as president in an effort to guarantee that new leaders can maintain the government’s grip on power in the face of economic stagnation, an ageing population and increasing disenchantment among younger generations.

Mr Diaz-Canel’s half-hour speech offered most Cubans by far their greatest exposure to the man long expected to assume the presidency.

Most Cubans know their first vice president as an uncharismatic figure who until recently maintained a public profile so low it was virtually nonexistent.

That image changed slightly this year as state media placed an increasing spotlight on Mr Diaz-Canel’s public appearances, including remarks to the press last month that included his promise to make Cuba’s government more responsive to its people, language he echoed on Thursday.

A poster featuring Raul Castro on the outskirts of Havana (Desmond Boylan/AP)
A poster featuring Raul Castro on the outskirts of Havana (Desmond Boylan/AP)

Mr Diaz-Canel gained prominence in central Villa Clara province as the top Communist Party official, a post equivalent to governor.

People there describe him as a hard-working, modest-living technocrat dedicated to improving public services.

He became higher education minister in 2009 before moving into the vice presidency.

In a video of a Communist Party meeting that inexplicably leaked to the public last year, Mr Diaz-Canel expressed a series of orthodox positions that included sombrely pledging to shut some independent media and labelling some European embassies as outposts of foreign subversion.

But he has also defended academics and bloggers who became targets of hardliners, leading some to describe him a potential advocate for greater openness in a system intolerant of virtually any criticism or dissent.

International observers and Cubans alike will be scrutinising every move he makes after he officially takes office on Thursday.

Two years after taking over from his ailing brother in 2006, Mr Castro launched a series of reforms that expanded Cuba’s private sector to nearly 600,000 people and allowed citizens greater freedom to travel and access to information.

A poster featuring Raul Castro on the outskirts of Havana (Desmond Boylan/AP)
A poster of Fidel Castro and Cuba’s President Raul Castro stands in Havana (Ramon Espinosa/AP)

He has failed to fix the generally unproductive and highly subsidised state-run businesses that, along with a Soviet-model bureaucracy, employ three of every four Cubans.

State salaries average 30 dollars a month, leaving workers struggling to feed their families, and often dependent on corruption or remittances from relatives overseas.

Mr Castro’s moves to open the economy have largely been frozen or reversed as soon as they began to generate conspicuous shows of wealth by the new entrepreneurial class in a country officially dedicated to equality among its citizens.

As in Cuba’s legislative elections, all of the leaders selected Wednesday were picked by a government-appointed commission.

Ballots offer only the option of approval or disapproval and candidates generally receive more than 95% of the votes in their favour.

The assembly also approved another six vice-presidents of the Council of State, Cuba’s highest government body.

Only one, 85-year-old Ramiro Valdez, was among the revolutionaries who fought with the Castros in the late 1950s in the eastern Sierra Maestra mountains.